（自由亚洲电台，2022-03-11）
近日，194位诺贝尔奖得主联名发表声援乌克兰的公开信，公开信谴责俄罗斯的行径就类似当年纳粹德国军事侵略波兰和苏联，并呼吁俄罗斯政府停止对乌克兰的入侵，撤回在乌克兰的军队。这封公开信的联署者包括了台湾的李远哲、美籍华人朱棣文和崔琦，以及西藏精神领袖达赖喇嘛等，但中国方面没有获奖者签名。
针对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，194位诺贝尔奖得奖主表达了他们对乌克兰人民的自由和乌克兰国家独立的支持。
诺贝尔奖网站公布的这封公开信指出，俄罗斯此举让人想起臭名昭彰的德国纳粹在1939
年使用类似的伎俩，假装挑衅对波兰的袭击，以及1941年进攻苏联。在普京总统领导下的俄罗斯联邦政府，发动了无端的军事战争。诺贝尔奖主们谨慎地强调，这是俄罗斯政府，而不是俄罗斯人民在这场侵略中扮演了重要角色。
诺贝尔奖获奖者们还共同谴责俄罗斯的军事行动，以及普京总统根本否认乌克兰存在的合法性。公开信并强调，要通过和平的方式来解决争端，而俄罗斯的入侵公然违反《联合国宪章》规定，也无视于
1994 年要求俄罗斯和其他国家有义务尊重乌克兰主权、独立和现有边界的《布达佩斯备忘录》。
公开信认为，俄罗斯的安全问题可以在联合国宪章、1975
年《赫尔辛基法案》和
1990 年《巴黎宪章》的框架下解决，俄罗斯的入侵将玷污其几十年来的国际声誉，并将对其经济构成影响，国际制裁还会使俄罗斯人民陷入困境。
信中对数百名乌克兰和俄罗斯士兵的无谓牺牲，以及包括儿童在内的乌克兰平民的伤亡表示难过。因此，获奖者们在强调与乌克兰同在的立场同时，也呼吁俄罗斯政府停止对乌克兰的入侵，并撤回在乌克兰的军队。
联署这封公开信的包括了台湾的李远哲、美籍华人朱棣文和崔琦，以及西藏精神领袖达赖喇嘛。社交媒体上，舆论质疑为什么没有中国的诺贝尔奖得主签名。从归化中国国籍的物理奖得主杨振宁到文学奖得主莫言，以及医学奖得主屠呦呦等人都被点名。
与已故诺贝尔和平奖得主刘晓波交好的台湾驻德国代表谢志伟表示，“我必须很伤痛地说， 今天如果刘晓波还在的话，他绝对是第一批签名人里的其中一位。”
谢志伟认为，“我们看到，100多个诺贝尔奖的得主基本上不是因为你是俄国，而是因为俄国做的事情，基本上不是因为看不下去，而是觉得再不这么做的话，再不发声、再不表态的话，他们不只是袖手旁观，他们会变成帮手。当你可以讲话的时候，当你可以发挥一点影响力的时候，你没有做，这除了是人命关天铸成大错以外，而且后面那种骨牌效应会一再出来。在我们这个世纪里，诺贝尔奖得主不是只有在专业上的奖项得主，某种程度是一个知识分子的原型，即便不是人文的，即便是科学的、是理工的，作为学术来讲的话，这里面的人文的关怀还是第一位的。”
针对诺贝尔奖中国得主缺席公开信联署，有网友在推特上表示，“台湾出来的华人比较正常”；也有人表示，“也许有家人朋友在国内，所以要有所顾忌”，“莫言一签就真的莫言了，不仅莫言，而且莫看、莫闻、莫动、莫喘气”。
谢志伟则指出，“俄国还有很多人上街头，敢表态，要做到这种义气相挺两肋插刀，这个是要超越民族血缘、血统的那种界线。就这点来讲，我觉得中国整体来讲，遗憾我要这么讲，还是比较落伍的。当然我可以想象，这里面有19世纪的包袱，或者是19世纪的冤仇未报。但是整体来想，我觉得很遗憾。”
他表示，这对他而言，是一个跨国界的事情，或是一个世界公民的事情。
公开信原文 An open letter from Nobel laureates
The
undersigned Nobel laureates voice our support for the Ukrainian people and the
free and independent state of Ukraine as it faces Russian aggression.
In a move that
recalls the infamous attack of Nazi Germany on Poland in 1939 (using similar
tricks of feigned provocation) and on the Soviet Union in 1941, the government of
the Russian Federation, led by President Putin, has launched an unprovoked
military aggression — nothing else but a war — against its neighbor, Ukraine.
We choose our words carefully here, for we do not believe the Russian people
have a role in this aggression.
We join in
condemning these military actions and President Putin’s essential denial of the
legitimacy of Ukraine’s existence.
There is
always a peaceful way to resolve disputes. The Russian invasion blatantly violates
the United Nations Charter, which says “All members shall refrain in their international
relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political
independence of any state.” It ignores the Budapest Memorandum of 1994, which
obligated Russia and others to respect the sovereignty, independence, and
existing borders of Ukraine.
Russia’s
security concerns can be addressed within the framework of the UN Charter, the 1975
Helsinki Final Act, and the 1990 Paris Charter. To make war, as President Putin
and his collaborators have done, is an unwarranted, bloody, and unproductive
way to a future.
The Russian
invasion will stain the international reputation of the Russian state for decades
to come. It will pose barriers to its economy and inflict hardships on its population.
The sanctions imposed will restrict the ease of movement of its talented and hardworking
people in the world. Why raise this fence between Russia and the world now?
Hundreds of
Ukrainian soldiers, Russian soldiers, and Ukrainian civilians, including children,
have died already. It’s so sad, so unnecessary. We gather in this appeal to
call upon the Russian government to stop its invasion of Ukraine and withdraw
its military forces from Ukraine.
We respect the calm and the strength of the Ukrainian people. We are with you. Our hearts go out to the families and friends of all, Ukrainians and Russians, who have died and been injured already. May peace come to this piece of our beautiful world.
200 Laureates Supporting Ukraine
Peter Agre 2003 Chemistry
George A. Akerlof 2001 Economics
Svetlana Alexievich 2015 Literature
James P. Allison 2018 Medicine
Harvey J. Alter 2020 Medicine
Hiroshi Amano 2014 Physics
Werner Arber 1978 Medicine
Frances H. Arnold 2018 Chemistry
Richard Axel 2004 Medicine
David Baltimore 1975 Medicine
Barry Clark Barish 2017 Physics
Francoise Barre-Sinoussi 2008 Medicine
J. Georg Bednorz 1987 Physics
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo 1996 Peace
Paul Berg 1980 Chemistry
Bruce A. Beutler 2011 Medicine
Gerd Binnig 1986 Physics
J. Michael Bishop 1989 Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn 2009 Medicine
Michael S. Brown 1985 Medicine
Linda B. Buck 2004 Medicine
William C. Campbell 2015 Medicine
Mario R. Capecchi 2007 Medicine
Thomas R. Cech 1989 Chemistry
Martin Chalfie 2008 Chemistry
Emmanuelle Charpentier 2020 Chemistry
Steven Chu 1997 Physics
Aaron Ciechanover 2004 Chemistry
J. M. Coetzee 2003 Literature
Elias James Corey 1990 Chemistry
Robert F. Curl Jr. 1996 Chemistry
Angus S. Deaton 2015 Economics
Johann Deisenhofer 1988 Chemistry
Peter A. Diamond 2010 Economics
Peter C. Doherty 1996 Medicine
Jennifer A. Doudna 2020 Chemistry
Jacques Dubochet 2017 Chemistry
Shirin Ebadi 2003 Peace
Robert F. Engle III 2003 Economics
Francois Englert 2013 Physics
Gerhard Ertl 2007 Chemistry
Eugene F. Fama 2013 Economics
Bernard L. Feringa 2016 Chemistry
Andrew Z. Fire 2006 Medicine
Joachim Frank 2017 Chemistry
Jerome I. Friedman 1990 Physics
Leymah Roberta Gbowee 2011 Peace
Andre Geim 2010 Physics
Reinhard Genzel 2020 Physics
Andrea Ghez 2020 Physics
Sheldon Glashow 1979 Physics
Louise Gluck 2020 Literature
Joseph L. Goldstein 1985 Medicine
Carol W. Greider 2009 Medicine
David J. Gross 2004 Physics
F. Duncan M. Haldane 2016 Physics
Jeffrey Connor Hall 2017 Medicine
John L. Hall 2005 Physics
Serge Haroche 2012 Physics
Oliver Hart 2016 Economics
Leland H. Hartwell 2001 Medicine
Harald zur Hausen 2008 Medicine
James J. Heckman 2000 Economics
Richard Henderson 2017 Chemistry
Dudley R. Herschbach 1986 Chemistry
Avram Hershko 2004 Chemistry
Roald Hoffmann 1981 Chemistry
Jules A. Hoffmann 2011 Medicine
Bengt Holmstrom 2016 Economics
Tasuku Honjo 2018 Medicine
Gerardus 't Hooft 1999 Physics
H. Robert Horvitz 2002 Medicine
Sir Michael Houghton 2020 Medicine
Robert Huber 1988 Chemistry
Tim Hunt 2001 Medicine
Louis J. Ignarro 1998 Medicine
Kazuo Ishiguro 2017 Literature
Elfriede Jelinek 2004 Literature
Brian D. Josephson 1973 Physics
David Julius 2021 Medicine
William G. Kaelin Jr. 2019 Medicine
Daniel Kahneman 2002 Economics
Takaaki Kajita 2015 Physics
Eric R. Kandel 2000 Medicine
Tawakkol Karman 2011 Peace
Martin Karplus 2013 Chemistry
Wolfgang Ketterle 2001 Physics
Klaus von Klitzing 1985 Physics
Makoto Kobayashi 2008 Physics
Brian K. Kobilka 2012 Chemistry
Roger D. Kornberg 2006 Chemistry
J. Michael Kosterlitz 2016 Physics
Finn E. Kydland 2004 Economics
The 14th Dalai Lama 1989 Peace
Robert B. Laughlin 1998 Physics
Yuan T. Lee 1986 Chemistry
Robert J. Lefkowitz 2012 Chemistry
Anthony J. Leggett 2003 Physics
Jean-Marie Lehn 1987 Chemistry
Michael Levitt 2013 Chemistry
Tomas Lindahl 2015 Chemistry
Benjamin List 2021 Chemistry
Roderick MacKinnon 2003 Chemistry
David W.C. MacMillan 2021 Chemistry
Rudolph A. Marcus 1992 Chemistry
Barry J. Marshall 2005 Medicine
Eric S. Maskin 2007 Economics
John C. Mather 2006 Physics
Michel Mayor 2019 Physics
Arthur B. McDonald 2015 Physics
Daniel L. McFadden 2000 Economics
Craig C. Mello 2006 Medicine
Robert C. Merton 1997 Economics
Hartmut Michel 1988 Chemistry
Paul R. Milgrom 2020 Economics
Patrick Modiano 2014 Literature
Paul L. Modrich 2015 Chemistry
William E. Moerner 2014 Chemistry
Edvard Moser 2014 Medicine
May-Britt Moser 2014 Medicine
Gerard Mourou 2018 Physics
Denis Mukwege 2018 Peace
Herta Muller 2009 Literature
Ferid Murad 1998 Medicine
Roger B. Myerson 2007 Economics
Shuji Nakamura 2014 Physics
Erwin Neher 1991 Medicine
Ryoji Noyori 2001 Chemistry
Sir Paul Nurse 2001 Medicine
Christiane Nusslein-Volhard 1995 Medicine
John O'Keefe 2014 Medicine
Yoshinori Ohsumi 2016 Medicine
Satoshi Omura 2015 Medicine
Orhan Pamuk 2006 Literature
Ardem Patapoutian 2021 Medicine
James Peebles 2019 Physics
Roger Penrose 2020 Physics
Arno Penzias 1978 Physics
Saul Perlmutter 2011 Physics
Edmund S. Phelps 2006 Economics
William D. Phillips 1997 Physics
John C. Polanyi 1986 Chemistry
H. David Politzer 2004 Physics
Stanley B. Prusiner 1997 Medicine
Didier Queloz 2019 Physics
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan 2009 Chemistry
Jose Ramos-Horta 1996 Peace
Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe 2019 Medicine
Maria Ressa 2021 Peace
Charles M. Rice 2020 Medicine
Adam G. Riess 2011 Physics
Sir Richard J. Roberts 1993 Medicine
Michael Rosbash 2017 Medicine
Alvin E. Roth 2012 Economics
James E. Rothman 2013 Medicine
Bert Sakmann 1991 Medicine
Oscar Arias Sanchez 1987 Peace
Juan Manuel Santos 2016 Peace
Kailash Satyarthi 2014 Peace
Jean-Pierre Sauvage 2016 Chemistry
Randy W. Schekman 2013 Medicine
Brian P. Schmidt 2011 Physics
Richard R. Schrock 2005 Chemistry
Gregg L. Semenza 2019 Medicine
Phillip A. Sharp 1993 Medicine
K. Barry Sharpless 2001 Chemistry
Dan Shechtman 2011 Chemistry
Robert J. Shiller 2013 Economics
Hideki Shirakawa 2000 Chemistry
George P. Smith 2018 Chemistry
Vernon L. Smith 2002 Economics
Hamilton O. Smith 1978 Medicine
Wole Soyinka 1986 Literature
Joseph E. Stiglitz 2001 Economics
Sir James Fraser Stoddart 2016 Chemistry
Horst L. Stormer 1998 Physics
Donna Strickland 2018 Physics
Jack W. Szostak 2009 Medicine
Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1993 Physics
Kip Stephen Thorne 2017 Physics
Susumu Tonegawa 1987 Medicine
Daniel C. Tsui 1998 Physics
Mario Vargas Llosa 2010 Literature
Harold E. Varmus 1989 Medicine
Sir John E. Walker 1997 Chemistry
Arieh Warshel 2013 Chemistry
Rainer Weiss 2017 Physics
M. Stanley Whittingham 2019 Chemistry
Eric F. Wieschaus 1995 Medicine
Torsten N. Wiesel 1981 Medicine
Frank Wilczek 2004 Physics
Jody Williams 1997 Peace
Robert Woodrow Wilson 1978 Physics
David J. Wineland 2012 Physics
Sir Gregory P. Winter 2018 Chemistry
Kurt Wuthrich 2002 Chemistry
Shinya Yamanaka 2012 Medicine
Ada E. Yonath 2009 Chemistry
Michael W. Young 2017 Medicine
Muhammad Yunus 2006 Peace
